We investigate the prospects for detecting a parity-violating gravitational-wave background with third-generation ground-based detector networks through an adapted theoretical approach combined with a data-based approach. We focus on a variety of networks consisting of an Einstein Telescope and two Cosmic Explorer detectors, varying the Einstein Telescope design, detector locations,...
Multi-probe techniques have proven to be powerful tools in modern cosmology.
By breaking degeneracies, they provide new ways to gain insights into the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe and its evolution.
In this talk, we explore the potential of cross-correlation between gravitational waves (GWs) and 21 cm intensity mapping from neutral hydrogen emission (HI), focusing on its...
The detection of gravitational waves associated with short GRBs and
observations of the TeV photons from very energetic events were the
main breakthroughs in the gamma-ray burst field in past few years. I will
discuss the recent multi-wavelength observations and theoretical progress
in modelling of prompt GRB emission, including the lepto-hadronic emission
model and the model for VHE...
In this work we present the properties of gravitational waves emitted from the f-mode oscillation of a compact star corresponding to the Object HESS J1731-347 as a Twin Compact Star, a hybrid neutron star with the same mass as a larger, purely hadronic neutron star. HESS J1731-347 is a peculiar object due to its reported compactness consisting of a mass of 0.77 solar masses and a radius of...
Wide-band searches for continuous gravitational waves are essential to reveal unknown neutron stars without an electromagnetic counterpart. Such searches, however, cover a huge parameter space that makes them computationally bounded. Neutron stars are predicted to slow down their rotation by losing energy through a variety of physical mechanisms, including, e.g, electromagnetic and...
We present the implementation, testing, and results of an anomaly detection pipeline based on convolutional autoencoders. After testing on white noise, we proceed to a test using MDC 1 focusing on mergers involving IMBHs and provide the results.
We describe a fast glitch removal method based on the continuous wavelet transform. We give a full statistical characterization of the method and illustrate it with practical examples based on publicly available LVK data.
Gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy has revolutionized our understanding of the universe, but the precision of its discoveries hinges on the accurate calibration of GW detectors. In this talk, we present a novel Bayesian null-stream method for self-calibration of closed-geometry GW detector networks, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) and LISA. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on...
As gravitational-wave detectors gain sensitivity at low frequencies, inferring source properties becomes challenging due to long-duration signals and high signal-to-noise ratios. With enhanced low-frequency sensitivity, we also expect to observe many more eccentric binaries, with potentially a large impact on our understanding of binaries. The presence of orbital eccentricity enhances the...
To reach the sensitivity requirement of Einstein Telescope for gravitational waves detection, the birefringence of optic substrates must be optimised. The intrinsic birefringence of such substrates mainly comes from internal stress within the material, but can also be induced externally (by optical mounts for instance).
The Ferrara ET Research Unit has been working on 2D birefringence maps...
A major limiting factor in improving sensitivity of Gravitational Wave (GW) detectors is thermal noise in the amorphous mirror coatings of interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. This is especially true for the crucial frequency range around 100 Hz in room-temperature detectors. Mirror coatings are deposited by Ion-Beam Sputtering and designed as thickness-optimized Bragg’s...
The Einstein Telescope (ET) research infrastructure is set to become the pioneering next-generation underground observatory for gravitational wave detection.
ET engineering design demands a multi-criteria approach to identify and address geological, geotechnical, environmental, and landscape challenges. To address these complexities, a Design Digital Twin (DDT) is being developed as a...
The Einstein Telescope project belongs to an unprecedented infrastructural dimension: a system of underground tunnels forming a triangular layout with 10 km-long sides, located about 300 meters below the surface. It is set to redefine not only the paradigms of scientific research, but also the settlement patterns, cultural frameworks, and landscapes of the territories chosen to host this...
In this talk we present the summary of a set of environmental noise measurements conducted on cryogenic facilities at CERN and at the University of Tokyo. The goal is to assess the impact on the background noise levels of these facilities and to provide valuable information for the design of noise suppression systems in Einstein Telescope. In fact, one of the key features of Einstein Telescope...
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) turns standard telecommunication fibers into dense seismic arrays with thousands of measurement points. Within the WAVE initiative, a 16 km fiber provides more than 16,000 virtual seismic channels in collaboration with DESY on the Bahrenfeld research campus in Hamburg. The project investigates how such large-scale DAS networks can advance environmental...
The Low Frequency interferometer of the Einstein Telescope will use cryogenic mirror suspensions with long pendulum providing horizontal attenuation to filter out the horizontal thermal noise generated by the seismic attenuation chain and by the heat links. They will be made of crystalline materials to minimize their own thermal noise generation.
It is almost impossible to make passive...
Ultra-high vacuum (UHV) systems are critical in experimental physics and engineering, particularly in projects like the Einstein Telescope (ET), where even minor leaks can affect precision measurements and large leaks can destroy the setup. For this reason, mechanical components such as fast shutters can be used to protect the system. Large leaks can generate pressure fronts propagating at...
Comprehensive hydrogeological and groundwater modelling studies are underway to assess feasibility of the construction of the Einstein Telescope (ET) facility in the Euregion Meuse-Rhine (EMR) region. The facility includes ~30 km tunnels with 10 m of width arranged in a triangular shape, and shafts and cavern structures in the corners. The construction and operation of this facility will...
The Sos Enattos area in Sardinia, Italy, is one of the most promising locations for the Einstein Telescope (ET), a next-generation underground gravitational wave observatory. In this study, we present the results of a recent environmental magnetic noise analysis aimed at characterising natural noise sources in the low-frequency band. Using a network of sensors deployed in the region, we...
Monocrystalline silicon fibers are a promising candidate for suspending silicon test masses in gravitational-wave detectors. The excellent thermal and mechanical properties of crystalline silicon enable stable support of heavy mirrors and efficient extraction of laser-induced heat. Moreover, silicon's exceptional material behavior at cryogenic temperatures aligns well with the operational...
The characterization of local seismic noise is of paramount importance for evaluating candidate locations for hosting the Einstein Telescope (ET), the third-generation gravitational wave detector. Three temporary seismic arrays were installed at the Italian candidate site for ET, each with different geometrical layouts, recording durations, and total numbers of stations. Here, we provide an...
ETpathfinder is a R&D fieldlab aiming to provide a testbed for research, development, integration and validation of ET-LF technologies in an environment similar to ET. In particular the interferometer configuration featuring four cryogenic towers and two flexible bench towers (for input and output optics) allows for the construction of full Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometer, with a...
The ET cryogenic tower will host the test mass (TM) operating at 10–20 K, where key challenges are attaining the exceptionally low vacuum level (normally the lowest in the entire ET system) and realizing the cryostat with ultra-low noise technology.Large-scale prototype initiatives have been launched by major laboratories to investigate cryostat design and cooling strategies, and dedicated...
At the Einstein Telescope, Newtonian noise is expected to be the dominant noise for low frequencies. Its impact is proposed to be reduced with the help of an array of seismometers that will be placed around the interferometer endpoints. As boreholes for seismometers are expensive, their positions should be optimized. Up to now, this was done based on an analytical calculation that makes...
Deep Frequency Modulation Interferometry (DFMI) offers a powerful approach to achieve precise displacement readout as well as absolute ranging with reduced complexity and compact sensing heads. Minimizing local sensing noise is crucial to reduce controls noise in e.g. active suspension damping and therefore DFMI will be a crucial technology to achieve the low-frequency sensitivity of future...
