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Description
The performance of ground-based gravitational-wave detectors could be affected by environmental noise, particularly in the low-frequency range below 100 Hz. At the Virgo interferometer, infrastructure systems such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) units represent a significant source of acoustic, seismic, and electromagnetic disturbances. In preparation for the O4 observing run, a comprehensive investigation and mitigation campaign was carried out on the HVAC systems serving the Virgo experimental halls. The study combined dedicated measurements, controlled tests, and targeted interventions to identify dominant noise sources and propagation paths.
This work provides practical insights into low-frequency noise mitigation strategies and highlights key design considerations for future gravitational-wave detectors