Conveners
ISB: ISB Parallel A
- Stefan Hild (Maastricht University & Nikhef)
- Jan Harms
ISB: ISB Parallel A
- Jan Harms
- Stefan Hild (Maastricht University & Nikhef)
ISB
- Jan Harms
- Stefan Hild (Maastricht University & Nikhef)
ISB
- Jan Harms
- Stefan Hild (Maastricht University & Nikhef)
ISB
- Stefan Hild (Maastricht University & Nikhef)
- Jan Harms
ISB
- Stefan Hild (Maastricht University & Nikhef)
- Jan Harms
ISB
- Stefan Hild (Maastricht University & Nikhef)
- Jan Harms
ISB: ISB Parallel B
- Jan Harms
ISB: ISB Parallel B
- Stefan Hild (Maastricht University & Nikhef)
- Jan Harms
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Lucas Hermida PenaISB/ETOtalk
The Einstein Telescope's unprecedented scale and precision requirements demand a robust spatial integration strategy from the earliest design phases. This presentation outlines the 3D integration framework being developed within ETO's Engineering Department, covering the definition and management of spatial envelopes, coordinate systems, and the treatment of slope and tilt constraints across...
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Luca MassaroOpticstalk
Coating thermal noise limits the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors in their most sensitive frequency band. As third-generation observatories such as the Einstein Telescope advance toward cryogenic operation, current coating materials, Ta$_{2}$O$_{5}$ and SiO$_{2}$, become inadequate due to their strongly increased mechanical loss at low temperatures. Alternative materials such as...
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Freek Molkenboer (TNO)Vacuum and Cryogenicstalk
After the installation of the beam-pipe an action will be required to achieve the required end pressure of the beam-pipe. It is expected that with the proposed AISI 441 material the end pressure will be dominated by the water partial pressure.
The common method of reducing the partial pressure of water is a thermal bake-out. Thermal bake-out for the Einstein telescope will be time and...
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Mikhail KorobkoInterferometertalk
Einstein Telescope is being designed for gravitational-wave observations in the audio band, where the dominant astrophysical event rates are expected. At frequencies above about 10 kHz, however, hypothetical cosmological sources may also produce detectable signals. Despite relevant previous research by other authors, it is not widely known that laser-interferometric GW observatories are not...
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Nicola Canale (University of Ferrara - INFN Ferrara)Opticstalk
Mitigating the intrinsic and stress-induced birefringence of silicon test masses is paramount to meeting the stringent sensitivity requirements of the Einstein Telescope (ET). In this work, the Ferrara ET Research Unit, in collaboration with the ET-Pathfinder group at Maastricht University, presents recent advancements in the optical characterization of ET candidate substrates. We investigated...
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Jurriaan LangendorffVacuum and Cryogenicstalk
Current state-of-the-art gravitational wave observatories around the world, LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA, have enabled the detection of more than 90 gravitational waves, with an additional 300 candidates from observing run O4[ [1]][1]. This is achieved through strain sensitivities in the order from $10^{-23}$ $1/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ to $10^{-24}$ $1/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$[ [2][2],[3]][3], in the range...
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Valeria Milotti (University of Padova, INFN PD)Opticstalk
Coating thermal noise (CTN) is one of the main limitations to enhancing the sensitivity of interferometric gravitational wave detectors, especially in room temperature detectors in the critical frequency 100 Hz region. These coatings, fabricated by ion beam sputtering as Bragg reflectors alternating high- and low-refractive-index layers, undergo a post-deposition annealing to reduce internal...
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52. Design and manufacturing of superconducting coils for cryogenic (inertial) sensing and actuationVeerle Ellenbroek (Nikhef, VU)Suspensionstalk
Cooling down ET to cryogenic temperatures may introduce tiny, unwanted vibrations near the suspended mirrors that even the most sensitive existing sensors cannot detect. By exploiting the Meissner effect, superconducting thin-film dual-coil designs will enable sub-femtometer precision sensing and high-precision actuation with negligible heat dissipation. We present a deposition-based design...
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Romaine Kunst (Demcon kryoz)Vacuum and Cryogenicstalk
In our contribution, we will present the latest developments of the sorption-based three-stage Joule-Thomson cryocooler for the Dutch Einstein Telescope pathfinder. In order to meet the unprecedented sensitivity demand of Einstein Telescope, there is a need for achieving cryogenic cooling of the mirror systems to temperatures near 10 K. This is addressed in a consortium comprising of the...
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Oliver Gerberding (University of Hamburg), Sebastian SteinlechnerInterferometertalk
While in the Observational Sciences, a thorough review of simulation and pipeline codes is the norm since many years, a similar review process is missing in the Instrument Sciences. With the immense costs of ET and logistical challenges of operating underground in mind, we can no longer afford to base crucial design decision on poorly reviewed simulations. Instead, we need to switch to a mode...
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Fiodor SorrentinoISB/ETOtalk
Building a configuration for the ET detector is a challenging task, due to the simultaneous occurrence of long range functional integration among many global functions, and local integration around many nodes of the optical layout. In addition, a high degree of integration occurs among the various co-located detectors and the hosting infrastructure.
The work on advanced ET configuration...
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Christophe ColletteInfrastructurestalk
In order to extend the detection bandwidth at low frequency, the Einstein Telescope will require to use large cryogenic mirrors, mounted on a ultralow frequency seismic isolation stage. ET-CRISTAL is developing a full scale prototype of large silicon mirror isolated from low frequeny seismic motion. The isolation strategy proposed uses a hybrid approach, combining an active isolation platform,...
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Hemendra SinghSuspensionstalk
The E-TEST prototype is designed to address key technology challenges for the Einstein Telescope, centred on a 70 kg mono-crystalline silicon test mass cooled to 20–25 K via radiative cooling. The setup provides direct access to the thermal noise and mechanical dissipation regimes relevant to ET's cryogenic operation.
The mechanical quality factor is measured using a non-contact...
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Aaron Goodwin-Jones (UCLouvain)Infrastructurestalk
The proposed Einstein Telescope high-frequency interferometers (ET-HF) in their nominal configuration are limited by coating Brownian thermal noise (CBTN) and quantum shot noise. Achieving the target sensitivity requires up to 3 MW of laser power with advanced optical coatings. At these power levels, thermo-elastic and thermo-optic effects induce wavefront distortions, causing transverse mode...
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Benjamin Schwab (ECAP, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg)Opticstalk
For ET-LF we develop a phase camera based on multi-mode optical fiber as image sensor to simultaneously map the phase and amplitude wavefronts of each sideband. Mode-mismatch and beam distortions can then be individually characterized by a CNN driven mode decomposition in real-time. The implementation of the cost-efficient TARGET ASIC digitizer developed the SST Camera of CTAO allows to equip...
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Anna Green (Nikhef)Interferometertalk
After several years of redevelopment and upgrades, we are pleased to share that version 3.0 of the Finesse interferometer simulation software is now officially launching.
In this talk, we provide an overview of the software, the philosophy behind it, and how the code has evolved. We also showcase examples of key functionalities, and look ahead to our next developments and usage of Finesse,...
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Michele ValentiniSuspensionstalk
The Omnisens experiment aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a high-gain inertial isolation platform that acts on six degrees of freedom between 0.01 and 30 Hz, while following a softly suspended, high-moment-of-inertia reference mass.
Such a platform (combined with an inverted pendulum and multi-stage pendulum chain) strongly suppresses tilt-to-length couplings spoiling the 2-10 Hz band...
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Tim Kuhlbusch (RWTH Aachen University)Active Noise Mitigationtalk
Predicting specific noise realizations from witness sensors will be an essential technique to improve the sensitivity of the Einstein Telescope. Different techniques, like classical or deep learning filters, can be employed to reduce the Newtonian noise level. We are presenting a Python framework that automates the evaluation of multiple noise cancellation techniques on a set of simulated or...
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Maria Antonietta Palaia (Università di Pisa and INFN-Pisa)Suspensionstalk
Second-generation gravitational wave detectors have progressively improved their sensitivity, approaching the limits of their infrastructure. Next-generation observatories, such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, aim to further enhance sensitivity, enabling detection of high-redshift compact object mergers and early multimessenger alerts by lowering the minimum detectable...
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Yashwant BothraInterferometertalk
Optimal operation of a gravitational wave (GW) detector requires clean and stable control signals. However, these signals can be compromised by various noises and optical imperfections, such as mirror surface defects or thermal aberrations which can cause the coupling of the fundamental Gaussian mode into higher-order modes. To mitigate such coupling in current detectors, sensors and thermal...
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Ms Charlotte Benning (RWTH Aachen University)Vacuum and Cryogenicstalk
ET requires about 120 km of underground vacuum tubes with a diameter of 1 m to achieve the design sensitivity. The baseline design foresees the production of the beam pipe in sections of 20 m, resulting in high transportation, welding, and cleaning efforts. The BeamPipes4ET project proposes an innovative production approach in which the vacuum pipes are manufactured directly on-site inside the...
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Irene Fiori (European Gravitational Observatory)Active Noise Mitigationtalk
We report on a revised assessment of magnetic noise requirements for the Einstein Telescope, identifying the 1–10 Hz band as particularly critical for the detector performance. We present the status of the ANM - Magnetic Noise working group, focusing on key noise sources, their coupling mechanisms, and priority mitigation strategies currently under development.
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Mr Sasa Topic (Serbia Photonics)Opticstalk
In this talk I will present the procedure for development of next generation modal filters that are required by design for 3G detectors. I will discuss the role in aberration control and unavoidable necessity of freeform mirror surfaces as well as their tolerancing. New findings in machine learning, iterative and direct solutions toward finding optimal (and unique) phase surfaces will be...
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Konrad FrischkornISB/ETOtalk
The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a complex system consisting of numerous interacting subsystems that need to fulfill challenging requirements. As of now, information on the design of ET such as technical requirements or its product breakdown structure are managed through documents whose content is strongly interrelated. Since no digitally traceable link exists between these documents, their...
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simone Lombardi (INAF Padova)Opticstalk
Within the Italian PNRR project ETIC, the ADONI-ET Optical Laboratory, managed by INAF, developed an interferometric testbed to investigate adaptive optics (AO) applications to Thermal Compensation Systems (TCS), with the aim of developing closed-loop control strategies for gravitational-wave detectors.
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In this work, we used a deformable mirror (DM) to thermally induce wavefront aberrations... -
Sander Sijtsma (Nikhef)Suspensionstalk
Significant efforts have been made to make a conceptional design for the test mass suspensions for the low frequency interferometer of the Einstein Telescope. A complete model of the suspension, including an actively controlled 6DoF seismic isolation platform, inverted pendulum system and a cascade of pendulum stages is modeled in Femto. The presentation will focus on the following...
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Alina Mariana Soflau (Nikhef and VU Amsterdam)Opticstalk
Surface roughness on optical components produces scattered light that can limit the performance of gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET).
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We present studies on how accurately standard paraxial numerical tools reproduce this scattering in ET-relevant regimes. We compare FFT-based propagation and Hermite-Gaussian modal simulations, with paraxial and non-paraxial... -
Lucia TrozzoSuspensionstalk
The era of third-generation gravitational wave detectors is approaching, and the Einstein Telescope (ET), a large size interferometer, is becoming a concrete reality. The underground installation of the instrument offers significant advantages from seismic and local disturbances points of view: seismic noise level, indeed, is reduced by a factor of 100 compared to surface locations. In...
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Luise KranzhoffInfrastructurestalk
The ETpathfinder prototype in Maastricht is dedicated not only to developing and validating key technologies for the Einstein Telescope (ET), but also to testing guidelines and procedures aimed to speeding up and reducing risks in construction of ET.
The ET will require more than 250 seismic isolation systems. Traditionally, in gravitational-wave observatories, a significant fraction of...
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Nicole BusdonOpticstalk
One of the two nested interferometers of the Einstein Telescope (ET-LF) is designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures. At such low temperatures, thermo-elastic interactions between the coating and the substrate become crucial, making the characterization of optical and
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mechanical losses in mirror coatings extremely important. However, these same interactions complicate the interpretation... -
Dr Soumen Koley (University of Liege)Active Noise Mitigationtalk
Newtonian noise arising from seismic density perturbations is expected
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to limit the low-frequency sensitivity of third-generation gravitational-wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope. Analytical predictions of Newtonian noise typically rely on homogeneous half-space or full-space approximations and simplified assumptions about seismic wavefields, which are insufficient for realistic... -
Conor Mow-Lowry (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)Active Noise Mitigationtalk
We have developed a broad and cohesive programme for tackling low-TRL technology items and the extreme systems-engineering challenges for ET Suspensions. Key elements of the programme are: the OmniSens experiment for active isolation in 6 DoF, development of novel sensors for suspension sensing and control, Femto + Optimal Controls models of complete suspension systems, cryogenic modelling,...
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Dr Livia Conti (INFN)Opticstalk
Dust deposited on optics and other detector components can become a major source of Scattered Light (SL) if not properly controlled. On the other hand, overestimating cleanliness requirements can result in unnecessary costs for the infrastructure. In the context of the Virgo upgrades, it is important to define cleanliness requirements that can assure satisfying the SL noise limits with minimal...
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Jef Deckers (mr.)Infrastructurestalk
Early 2025, a series of new 2D reflection seismic lines were acquired in the Euregion Meuse-Rhine for the site investigation for Einstein Telescope. Along and nearby these lines, data of several boreholes recently drilled for the project became available. The sonic logs in these boreholes allow for tying the lithostratigraphic interpretations of the boreholes with the seismic lines. In...
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Luqian JiangActive Noise Mitigationtalk
Newtonian noise from ambient seismic fields limits the low-frequency sensitivity of the Einstein Telescope. Coherent noise cancellation based on Wiener filters constructed from seismic correlations is a widely used mitigation strategy, but its performance depends on accurate knowledge of the cross-spectral densities between seismometers and the gravitational perturbation at the test mass...
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Dr Stijn Francois (KU Leuven)Active Noise Mitigationtalk
Accurate estimation of Newtonian Noise (NN) in gravitational wave observatories requires detailed knowledge of the seismic wavefield in the vicinity of the detector mirrors. This seismic wavefield is commonly obtained from numerical simulations at regional geological scale. These models are computationally demanding and typically rely on assumptions about the nature and location of seismic...
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Carlo ScarciaISB/ETOtalk
The cost of the ET beam tube vacuum system, based on previous-generation GW detector cost extrapolations, remains a major challenge.
Since 2022, under mandate from INFN and Nikhef, CERN, in collaboration with other institutes, has conducted a study to investigate alternative, more cost-effective technological solutions.
To validate these approaches, a 36 m long pilot sector has been...
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Romano Meijer (Nikhef)ISB/ETOtalk
To satisfy its science case, the Einstein Telescope (ET) is required to supersede the sensitivity of current-generation detectors by several orders of magnitude, depending on the frequency range. On top of this and by nature of design, interferometry-based gravitational wave detectors provide an extraordinary challenge of system functional and physics-driven interconnectedness. Complex and...
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Satoru Takano (Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)Active Noise Mitigationtalk
Angular sensing and control (ASC) is essential for the Einstein Telescope (ET), and its design is one of the big challenges for the low-frequency interferometer of ET (ET-LF), because ASC would inject unwanted control noise originating from the noise of sensors used for ASC. The requirements for the ASC should be set so that the control noise doesn't exceed the ET-LF design sensitivity, and we...
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Morgane Zeoli (Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve)Vacuum and Cryogenicstalk
Technology validation for the ET-LF must be conducted in an extremely low-vibration, cryogenic environment to simulate the operational conditions. This harsh environment calls for a highly sensitive, cryogenic-compatible inertial sensor for vibration monitoring and reduction in the test facilities. To that end, cryogenic, vacuum-compatible, horizontal and vertical inertial sensors with a...
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Marco RicciVacuum and Cryogenicstalk
This contribution provides an update on the recent experimental activities and infrastructural developments at the Amaldi Research Center (ARC) in Rome, focused on the R&D for next-generation gravitational wave detectors.
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We report on the systematic cooling tests and thermal characterization performed on the first cryostat cooling line. Following initial runs, a series of targeted upgrades... -
Antonella BianchiOpticstalk
The performance of gravitational-wave interferometers is critically limited by the surface quality of their mirrors, which directly affects optical losses and increases the higher-order mode content. As future detectors such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) aim for unprecedented sensitivity, defining realistic and reliable mirror specifications becomes a central challenge.
We address this...
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