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15/06/2026, 13:00
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Angélique Lartaux (IJCLab)15/06/2026, 13:05
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Patrice Verdier (IP2I Lyon - IN2P3)15/06/2026, 13:25
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Michele Maggiore (University of Geneva, Switzerland)15/06/2026, 13:45
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Niels Warburton15/06/2026, 14:05
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Viola Sordini (CNRS France)15/06/2026, 14:25
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15/06/2026, 14:45
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15/06/2026, 15:30
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Michael Landry15/06/2026, 15:45
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Harsh Narola15/06/2026, 16:05
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15/06/2026, 16:25
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15/06/2026, 16:45
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15/06/2026, 17:10
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Romeo Felice Rosato16/06/2026, 08:30
The ringdown phase of compact-object mergers is a key target for precision tests of gravity with next-generation detectors such as the Einstein Telescope. Current analyses are based on quasinormal modes, whose theoretical interpretation is however limited by their sensitivity to perturbations and by ambiguities associated with their definition in time, which can affect their robustness as...
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Laura Pezzella (GSSI, INFN)16/06/2026, 08:42
Quasinormal modes (QNMs) are the characteristic complex frequencies that govern the ringdown phase of a black hole merger. While their frequencies depend only on the properties of the remnant, the strength with which different modes are excited is determined by the merger dynamics and remains poorly understood. Improving our knowledge of QNM excitation is key to maximizing the science return...
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Dr Soumen Roy (UCLouvain / Royal Observatory Belgium)16/06/2026, 08:54
Direct detections of gravitational waves provide a unique opportunity to probe the astrophysical origin of compact binary mergers. The formation channels of these systems remain highly debated, and a fraction may originate in dynamical environments or active galactic nuclei. Binaries formed in such environments are expected to experience line-of-sight acceleration from their surroundings,...
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Matteo Schulz (Gran Sasso Science Institute)16/06/2026, 09:06
Multi-probe techniques have proven to be powerful tools in modern cosmology.
By combining different observational tracers, they break degeneracies and provide new ways to gain insights into the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe and its evolution.In this talk, we explore the potential of cross-correlation between gravitational waves (GWs) and 21cm intensity mapping from neutral...
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Ulyana Dupletsa (MBI)16/06/2026, 09:18
A new synergy is emerging between gravitational waves (GWs) and the study of the Universe’s large-scale structure. Along this line of research, we combine simulated observations of stellar-origin black hole mergers with neutral hydrogen 21 cm intensity mapping to probe cosmic expansion via the distance–redshift relation. GW signals from binary black holes provide direct distance measurements,...
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Alessandro Agapito16/06/2026, 09:30
The rapidly growing field of dark siren cosmology, driven by advances in Gravitational-Wave (GW) detection campaigns and galaxy surveys, is progressing toward independent and increasingly precise measurements of the Hubble constant. As statistical uncertainties shrink, it becomes crucial to control and eliminate emerging systematics to address cosmological and astrophysical challenges. An...
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Matteo Tagliazucchi16/06/2026, 09:42
Gravitational wave spectral sirens provide a powerful approach to measuring cosmological parameters — requiring neither electromagnetic counterparts nor galaxy catalogs — by leveraging population-level features in the distribution of compact binary mergers. With the Einstein Telescope (ET) set to deliver event catalogs three orders of magnitude larger than current ones, validating the...
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Mathieu Venet (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris)16/06/2026, 10:24
Binary neutron stars (BNS) are prime sources for multi-messenger astronomy, linking gravitational-wave signals from their mergers to high-energy electromagnetic counterparts such as kilonovae.
Although the number of currently observed merging systems remains limited, the next generation of gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope, is expected to dramatically increase the...
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Dr Lumen Boco (Heidelberg University)16/06/2026, 10:36
After four observing runs, the LVK collaboration has estimated a local binary black hole (BBH) merger rate density of $R_0=14-26\, \textrm{Gpc}^{-3}\,\textrm{yr}^{-1}$. In this talk, I will show that current theoretical predictions systematically overestimate the BBH local merger rate when a realistic model of the metallicity-dependent star formation rate is adopted. Specifically, I will...
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Cecilia Sgalletta (University of Heidelberg)16/06/2026, 10:48
As the number of gravitational wave detections of binary black hole (BBH) mergers grows, so do the challenges in reconciling theoretical models with observations. Currently, state-of-the-art binary population synthesis codes tend to overpredict the BBH merger rate density compared to the value inferred from LIGO-Virgo_KAGRA observations. A key factor shaping BBH merger rates is the...
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Stefano Torniamenti (Max Planck Institute for Astronomy)16/06/2026, 11:00
Over the past decade, gravitational waves have emerged as the primary means for detecting stellar-mass black holes (BHs), unveiling an unprecedented view of their population. These BHs encode key signatures of their progenitor stars, and provide unique probes of stellar and star cluster formation across cosmic time.
In this talk, I explore BH and gravitational-wave populations in star...
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Lucas de Sá (ITA/ZAH, Universität Heidelberg)16/06/2026, 11:12
Rotation has long been recognized as a potential driver of chemical mixing within the otherwise stratified radiative envelopes of massive stars. In the most extreme case, rotational mixing drives chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE), in which surface composition closely tracks core composition during the Main Sequence, forming a compact helium star by the end of hydrogen burning, and...
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Krishnendu Naderi Varium (University of Birmingham)16/06/2026, 11:24
Quantify the capabilities of third-generation gravitational wave detector network to probe the properties of first star remnants, population III remnants, in the Universe. Simulating the sources from astrophysically motivated pop III remnant binary black holes and performing full Bayesian inference using \texttt{IMRPHenomXPHM} waveform model, we estimate the accuracy at which the redshift is...
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Benedetta Mestichelli (Gran Sasso Science Institute)16/06/2026, 11:36
Population III (Pop. III) stars are promising progenitors of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) due to their reduced mass loss and top-heavy initial mass function. If these stars formed predominantly in star clusters, they could efficiently produce IMBHs up to $10^4\,\rm M_{\odot}$ and generate massive binary systems that eventually merge. In this talk, I will present results from two...
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Francesco Crescimbeni16/06/2026, 11:48
Einstein Telescope (ET) will open a new era of gravitational wave observations, extending the lower upper frequency edge to O(1Hz), where GW231123-like astrophysical or primordial intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), or more massive, could be observed. In this talk, I will discuss the role of different ET designs and planned locations in measuring the IMBH intrinsic and extrinsic parameters,...
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Lavinia Paiella (GSSI)16/06/2026, 14:00
Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), expected to lie in the ∼100-10000 solar mass range between stellar-mass and supermassive black holes, remain one of the least explored populations of compact objects. Gravitational-wave observations offer a promising way to characterize them by directly measuring black hole masses and spins. In this context, the recent candidate event GW231123 reported by...
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Cristiano Ugolini (GSSI)16/06/2026, 14:12
Stellar clusters are efficient factories of dynamical interactions and play a crucial role in shaping the black hole (BH) mass distribution observed by gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. The ability of these dynamically active environments to pair and retain BHs enables the formation of remnants more massive than those typically produced through isolated binary evolution. This characteristic...
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Mrs M.Paola Vaccaro (ITA-ZAH, Universität Heidelberg)16/06/2026, 14:24
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) disks provide a dense gaseous environment where stellar-mass black holes (BHs) can efficiently form binaries and undergo hierarchical mergers, potentially producing the high-mass and high-spin binary black holes (BBHs) observed by the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA (LVK) collaboration.
We present an updated semi-analytical population framework that follows the dynamical...
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Tista Mukherjee16/06/2026, 14:36
The detection of astrophysical neutrinos and gravitational waves (GWs) has ushered in a new era of multi-messenger astroparticle physics. While coincident detections of GW and neutrinos alongside electromagnetic signals have already been achieved in separate instances, no common source of GW and neutrinos has yet been identified. To address the implications of non-detection, this work...
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Sofia Bisero16/06/2026, 14:48
The Einstein Telescope (ET) will revolutionize gravitational-wave (GW) multi-messenger (MM) science by detecting hundreds of thousands of neutron star (NS) mergers beyond the Local Universe. In the ET era, the bottleneck of GW-MM science will shift from GW detection to the identification of the electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. The main challenges will arise from their faintness and rapid...
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Davi Rodrigues (Federal University of Espirito Santo)16/06/2026, 15:00
In March 2023, a gamma-ray burst known as GRB 230307A was observed. Recent studies suggest that this event was not a typical burst, but a kilonova — the aftermath of merging neutron stars that create some of the heaviest elements in the Universe. In this talk, I will explore what makes this event unique: its likely host galaxy, and the surprising fact that the explosion occurred more than 40...
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Dr Matthias Vereecken (University of Ghent)16/06/2026, 15:12
Magnetar flares are thought to be associated with gravitational waves (GWs) through different emission processes. In the past, several searches for both short and long duration GW signals from magnetar flares have been performed by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaboration, but no detection has been reported so far. In order to increase the chance of detecting such weak GW signals, higher...
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Dr Fabian Gittins (Utrecht University)16/06/2026, 15:24
Third-generation gravitational-wave observatories will transform our ability to probe the physics of neutron stars. It is well known that tidal deformations in compact binaries leave an imprint on the associated gravitational-wave signal. To date, this effect has primarily been treated as a static perturbation, in which the tidal response is characterised by a single parameter: the tidal...
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Gabriele Perna16/06/2026, 15:36
The advent of third generation interferometers marks a new era for Gravitational Wave (GW) searches and will enable to shed light on both early- and late-Universe dynamics. In this context, synergies between different Gravitational Wave detectors are crucial for a better detection and characterization of a GW Background, either of cosmological or astrophysical origin. Different cosmological...
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Dr Francesco Iacovelli (Johns Hopkins University)16/06/2026, 15:48
Third-generation (3G) gravitational-wave (GW) detectors will usher GW science into the big-data era, with tens to hundreds of thousands of detections each year. At the same time, new detectors in different frequency bands are being considered. These will expand our observational reach and help us access new sources of GWs. In this talk, I will discuss the complementarity of ground-based...
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Anna Puecher17/06/2026, 08:30
Studying the post-merger signal of binary-neutron-star systems can provide us with information about matter out of chemical and thermal equilibrium, complementary to what can be inferred from the inspiral phase. Although post-merger signals are weaker, as they involve frequencies in the kilohertz band, next-generation detectors, such as ET, are expected to enable their observation.
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Analyzing... -
Lami Suleiman17/06/2026, 08:42
Neutron star astrophysical observables provide a unique insight into the physics of dense matter. The famous binary neutron star merger GW170817 has particularly provided constraints on the equation of state of dense matter, revealing its softening in the core of neutron stars. Such insight is out of the reach of nuclear theory because of the non-perturbative nature of strong-interaction, and...
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Natalie Williams (Universität Potsdam)17/06/2026, 08:54
With third-generation gravitational-wave detectors, observations of binary neutron stars will enter a high-precision regime, enabling increasingly tight constraints on the neutron star equation of state. This improved sensitivity places strong demands on waveform accuracy, requiring a wide range of matter effects to be incorporated while keeping dimensionality low for efficient inference....
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Dr Dániel Barta (HUN-REN Wigner RCP)17/06/2026, 09:06
We investigate equilibrium configurations of neutron stars within scalar–tensor theories of gravity with a massive scalar field. The presence of a non-zero scalar field mass yields some observationally relevant implications, primarily due to the substantial increase in the range of permitted coupling parameters. We examine the impact of the spontaneous scalarization of neutron star on...
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Balázs Kacskovics17/06/2026, 09:18
CBWaves is a numerical code designed to model gravitational wave emission from compact spinning binaries on eccentric orbits, employing the post-Newtonian (PN) expansion. Originally developed by Péter Csizmadia et al., the code has been continuously maintained and extended by members of the Gravitational Physics Group at HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics. A recent development includes...
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Patricia Schmidt17/06/2026, 09:30
The measurement of spin precession and orbital eccentricity in gravitational-wave signals is a key priority in GW astronomy as these effects provide unique insights into the astrophysical formation and evolution of compact binaries. Moreover, their neglect in waveform models can lead to significant biases in parameter estimation, searches, and tests of general relativity. But accurate and...
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Sumit Kumar (Utrecht University)17/06/2026, 09:42
In the era of third-generation gravitational wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, there are multiple challenges for data analysis. One of the most important problems in parameter estimation is accounting for waveform systematics. The waveform models may struggle to meet the accuracy requirements of these detectors across the full range of parameter space. This...
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Josiel Mendonça Soares de Souza (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)17/06/2026, 10:30
The next generation of gravitational-wave observatories, such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, will detect thousands of compact binary coalescences, placing unprecedented demands on parameter estimation pipelines. Standard Bayesian inference techniques, such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), provide accurate posterior distributions but are computationally expensive, often...
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Enis Belgacem (Université de Genève)17/06/2026, 10:42
Cross-correlations between the outputs of gravitational-wave detectors can be used to detect a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). Given a pair of detectors, their outputs are correlated through a filter chosen in such a way to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the SGWB. I will show in two ways how to solve this optimization problem in the general case where correlations...
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Milan Wils17/06/2026, 10:54
Newtonian noise is a key low-frequency noise source for the Einstein Telescope and may include transient bursts generated by anthropogenic activity. Unlike stationary Gaussian noise, such bursts can be strongly non-Gaussian and may therefore affect searches for short-duration gravitational-wave burst signals. In the triangular ET configuration, these disturbances may also be correlated between...
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Chun-Fung Wong (KU Leuven)17/06/2026, 11:06
Third-generation gravitational-wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope
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(ET) will observe compact binary coalescences at event rates orders of magnitude
above those of current detectors. This high event rate introduces a
qualitatively new challenge for matched-filter search pipelines: at realistic
ET-era merger rates, signal-signal coincidences accumulate in the... -
Thomas Ng17/06/2026, 11:18
The Einstein Telescope will require parameter estimation methods that scale far beyond current CPU-based pipelines. I will discuss a GPU-native stack built on JAX for fast Bayesian inference. These tools combine differentiable waveform models, machine-learning-enhanced sampling, and GPU-friendly likelihoods to reduce runtimes for current-generation data analysis from hours to minutes on modern...
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Elena Codazzo17/06/2026, 11:30
The third-generation gravitational-wave detector Einstein Telescope will observe a large population of compact binary coalescences (CBCs), whose superposition is expected to form an unresolved astrophysical background, particularly relevant at low frequencies. This foreground may affect searches for continuous gravitational waves (CWs) from spinning neutron stars.
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In this work, we investigate... -
Hanna Strozyk (University of Warsaw)17/06/2026, 11:42
We present prospects of detecting continuous gravitational waves (CWs) with the Einstein Telescope (ET) proposed configurations: the 2L and triangular geometries.
To assess detectability, we combine the sensitivity depth, used for CW search sensitivity estimation, with the targeted $\mathcal{F}$-statistic, the matched-filtering detection statistic. Using sensitivity depths achieved in...
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Tjonnie Li17/06/2026, 16:00
The triangular geometry of the Einstein Telescope is unique among proposed gravitational-wave observatory designs in that it enables the construction of a sky-position-independent null stream: a linear combination of the three co-located detector outputs that is identically insensitive to gravitational-wave signals. This property unlocks a broad range of scientific and data-analysis...
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Robin Chan (Royal Observatory of Belgium | Ghent University)17/06/2026, 16:12
Next-generation gravitational wave (GW) observatories, such as the Einstein Telescope, will enable tests of General Relativity (GR) with unprecedented precision. Parameter estimation, however, typically assumes detector noise to be Gaussian and stationary, an assumption that is violated by transient noise artifacts, or “glitches”. These must be carefully accounted for and removed from the data...
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Tim Kuhlbusch (RWTH Aachen University)17/06/2026, 16:24
Predictions of the uptime behavior of gravitational‑wave detector networks in a realistic operation scenario are essential to assess scientific potential and compare configurations. Data from the LIGO interferometers during Observation Run 4a serves as a basis for extrapolations, because they are of two detectors with similar technology being operated by a single collaboration. This work...
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Luca Negri17/06/2026, 16:36
The Einstein Telescope is expected to revolutionize our understanding of the universe through the detection of gravitational waves.
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In this work, we test how the duty cycle affects parameter estimation for astrophysically relevant variables, such as source frame masses and distance, for the triangular and the 2L design. By analyzing a large set of injections with nested sampling algorithms,... -
Francesco Cireddu17/06/2026, 16:48
The Einstein Telescope is expected to deliver extraordinary scientific results in gravitational-wave astronomy. However, as the ET design continues to evolve, important analysis challenges still need to be identified to fully realize its science potential, while existing tools for generating mock data are often limited in scope or difficult to use. We present gwmock, a new modular Python...
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Anuradha Samajdar, Archisman Ghosh (Universiteit Gent), Filippo Santoliquido (Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI)), Justin Janquart, Michela Mapelli, Paolo Pani, Paul Laycock, Stefano Bagnasco, Tito Dal Canton (IJCLab)17/06/2026, 17:00
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Archisman Ghosh (Universiteit Gent), Michela Mapelli, Paolo Pani17/06/2026, 18:00
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Shinji MIYOKI (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo)18/06/2026, 10:00
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Gabriele Capoccia (INFN-PG)18/06/2026, 10:20
The CAOS international laboratory (Center for Gravitational Wave and Seismology Applications) of the University of Perugia, in collaboration with INFN and EGO and primarily funded by the ETIC (Einstein Telescope Infrastructure Consortium) project, is mainly designed to develop and test new technologies for the Einstein Telescope. The facility will focus on the development and fine-tuning of...
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Marco Vardaro18/06/2026, 10:40
The European third generation gravitational-wave detector Einstein Telescope will rely on cryogenics and silicon as mirror and suspension material to achieve unprecedented low-frequency sensitivity. Prototyping and characterisation of these new technologies on a system-level is needed to inform the design and future upgrades of the large-scale observatory. This is one of the mission of...
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Stefan Hild18/06/2026, 10:55
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Jan Harms, Stefan Hild18/06/2026, 11:05
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Angélique Lartaux (IJCLab)18/06/2026, 11:25
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Dr Francesco Iacovelli (Johns Hopkins University), Mikhail Korobko, Ulyana Dupletsa (MBI), valeria sequino18/06/2026, 11:35
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18/06/2026, 11:55
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François Gautier (Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans, UMR CNRS 6613)18/06/2026, 13:30
Among the noise sources affecting GW detectors, Newtonian noise of seismic, acoustic, or atmospheric origin could limit sensitivity at low frequencies, below a few tens of Hz. This presentation focuses on modeling acoustic Newtonian noise resulting from technical noise in caverns and experimental chambers. A significant contribution to these technical noises is specifically linked to the...
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Tomislav Andric18/06/2026, 13:45
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18/06/2026, 14:00
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Paul Laycock18/06/2026, 16:00
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Archisman Ghosh (Universiteit Gent), Marica Branchesi, Michela Mapelli, Paolo Pani18/06/2026, 16:20
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Andreas Rietbrock, Domenico D'Urso, Dr Wim Walk (Nikhef)18/06/2026, 16:40
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18/06/2026, 17:00
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18/06/2026, 17:20
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18/06/2026, 17:40
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Anna Green (Nikhef)19/06/2026, 10:00
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Luca Naticchioni19/06/2026, 10:10
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Jessica Steinlechner, alex amato (Maastricht University - Nikhef)19/06/2026, 10:20
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Disha Subhash Sawant19/06/2026, 10:30
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Yuliya Hoika (University of Warsaw)19/06/2026, 10:45
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Dorota Rosinska (University of Warsaw)19/06/2026, 11:05
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Lorenzo Aiello19/06/2026, 11:20
Optical aberrations represent a major sensitivity bottleneck for current and future gravitational wave interferometers, as they limit stable operation at the high optical powers required to reduce quantum noise.
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The non axisymmetric component of these aberrations is not currently corrected in Advanced GW detectors, since its impact remains negligible at present power levels. However, with... -
19/06/2026, 11:40
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Michael Prouza, Michele Maggiore (University of Geneva, Switzerland)19/06/2026, 11:50
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Patrick Baer
For ET-LF, novel silicon-based coatings can be a potential solution to decrease Brownian thermal noise and increase the ET sensitivity. To keep coating absorption at levels comparable to current coatings, operation at an increased laser wavelength, for example to 2090 nm, is required. ETpathfinder aims to perform investigations on IFOs at 2090nm and therefore requires a high-stability laser...
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Sascha Rieger
The LIGO Magazine has been am integral part of LIGO communications activities for 15 years. Now, as we move rapidly towards the IGWN supercollaboration, it is time to take stock and plan for the next chapter of this success story!
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Elise Van den Bossche (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
The ETpathfinder research facility in Maastricht is dedicated to developing key technologies for the Einstein Telescope (ET). By implementing these in a 10 m prototype cryogenic interferometer, the facility aims to investigate and validate their performance and compatibility within an ET-like environment.
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One such technology is a novel 1550 nm laser source, developed by the Max Planck... -
Lorenzo Lipparini (RomaTre University of Rome, INGV)
The Einstein Telescope (ET) research infrastructure is envisioned as Europe’s first next-generation underground observatory for gravitational-wave detection. Its engineering design requires a multi-criteria approach capable of identifying and addressing geological, geotechnical, environmental, and landscape challenges. To manage this complexity, a Design Digital Twin (DDT) framework is being...
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Francesco Emanuele MaesanoSCB
The geological characterization of the Italian candidate site for the Einstein Telescope (ET) in Sardinia relies on integrating heterogeneous datasets to support the engineering design and geomechanical characterization of the observatory. A 3D geological model, derived from industrial data and primary structural constraints, is already available and serves as the deterministic baseline for...
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Lucas Hermida Pena
The Einstein Telescope's unprecedented scale and precision requirements demand a robust spatial integration strategy from the earliest design phases. This presentation outlines the 3D integration framework being developed within ETO's Engineering Department, covering the definition and management of spatial envelopes, coordinate systems, and the treatment of slope and tilt constraints across...
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Boris Martin (University of Liège)
Estimating the amplitude of Newtonian Noise due to elastic waves in the ground requires accurate modelling of the medium and the surrounding geometry. Time-domain methods based on spectral elements [1] are popular but rely on hexahedral elements which may struggle to represent accurately complex shapes. Furthermore, small elements near caves and tunnels may overconstrain the time step (due to...
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Patrick Schillings (RWTH Aachen University)
Newtonian noise is expected to limit the low-frequency sensitivity of the Einstein Telescope, particularly in the 3-15 Hz band. Most existing estimates rely on analytical or semi-analytical models assuming homogeneous or layered media, neglecting geological heterogeneity and complex wave interactions. In this work, we present a numerical framework for Newtonian-noise estimation based on...
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Enzo Tapia (Nikhef)
Designing an instrument like ET demands simulation tools that are not only robust but also highly flexible. In this poster we showcase some of the capabilities of Finesse3 applied in the context of ET to explore its complex design and sensitivity requirements.
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In Finesse3,so-called Actions represent a paradigm shift from static simulations to dynamic workflows. While the model defines the... -
Luca Massaro
Coating thermal noise limits the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors in their most sensitive frequency band. As third-generation observatories such as the Einstein Telescope advance toward cryogenic operation, current coating materials, Ta$_{2}$O$_{5}$ and SiO$_{2}$, become inadequate due to their strongly increased mechanical loss at low temperatures. Alternative materials such as...
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Mr Vincenzo Sapia (INGV)SCB
The Einstein Telescope (ET), a next-generation underground gravitational-wave observatory planned in Sardinia (Italy), requires detailed subsurface characterization to ensure structural stability and minimal environmental noise. Understanding the distribution of fractured zones and groundwater systems within the crystalline basement is critical, as these factors directly affect excavation...
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Freek Molkenboer (TNO)
After the installation of the beam-pipe an action will be required to achieve the required end pressure of the beam-pipe. It is expected that with the proposed AISI 441 material the end pressure will be dominated by the water partial pressure.
The common method of reducing the partial pressure of water is a thermal bake-out. Thermal bake-out for the Einstein telescope will be time and...
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Mr Wajid Ali (Università di Genova)
Squeezing angle rotation using EPR-entangled beams has already been demonstrated in the MHz regime using test cavities by two independent experiments. At the R&D squeezing laboratory of the European Gravitational Observatory, in Italy, a new experimental setup is underway whose aim is the first demonstration of frequency-dependent squeezing in a radiation-pressure-noise-limited suspended...
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Mikhail Korobko
Einstein Telescope is being designed for gravitational-wave observations in the audio band, where the dominant astrophysical event rates are expected. At frequencies above about 10 kHz, however, hypothetical cosmological sources may also produce detectable signals. Despite relevant previous research by other authors, it is not widely known that laser-interferometric GW observatories are not...
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Nicola Canale (University of Ferrara - INFN Ferrara)
Mitigating the intrinsic and stress-induced birefringence of silicon test masses is paramount to meeting the stringent sensitivity requirements of the Einstein Telescope (ET). In this work, the Ferrara ET Research Unit, in collaboration with the ET-Pathfinder group at Maastricht University, presents recent advancements in the optical characterization of ET candidate substrates. We investigated...
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Stefano Bagnasco
The Italian PNRR project ETIC (ET Infrastructure Consortium) funded the creation of two laboratories for computing R&D: BETIF/DIFAET hosted by INFN-Bologna and the University of Bologna, and CTLab4ET hosted by INFN-Torino. The two laboratories operate complementary R&D Clusters: the first is equipped with FPGAs and GPUs, the second with low-latency network interconnections and heterogeneous...
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Mr David Guerrero Zuazo (CERN), Mr Marko Cinkul (CERN), Mr Riccardo Vasapollo (CERN), Mr Romain Masson (CERN)
The Einstein Telescope (ET) aims for an order-of-magnitude improvement in strain sensitivity and an extended low-frequency range compared to current Gravitational Wave (GW) detectors [1]. This ambition presents major challenges for the design of the large-scale technical infrastructure supporting the facility.
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Given the strong overlap in technologies and engineering approaches developed for... -
Mr Sheikh Ammad (CERN), Natalija Beslic (CERN)
As part of the development of a robust safety concept for the underground infrastructure of the Einstein Telescope (ET), a HAZard IDentification (HAZID) workshop was organised as the first step to systematically identify potential hazards and prioritise safety studies. A multidisciplinary team of subject matter experts identified and reviewed systematically a total of 324 hazards related to...
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Trond Ryberg (GFZ)
The Lausitz (Saxony) is considered a region with particularly low seismic background noise. It is therefore earmarked as a possible location for a so-called Low Seismic Lab as part of the newly founded German Center for Astrophysics (DZA) and for the Einstein Telescope, the next generation of gravitational wave detectors.
As part of the preliminary site investigations, several temporary...
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Mr Domenico Di Mauro (INGV)
Public communication and stakeholder engagement are essential components of the site characterization activities for the Einstein Telescope (ET), particularly when operations involve visible and potentially sensitive airborne geophysical surveys over inhabited territories. Within the framework of the ET geological and environmental investigations in Sardinia, dedicated communication actions...
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Eleni Minakaki (Nikhef)
To achieve the high gravitational wave strain required for Einstein Telescope, vibration isolation systems must meet stringent performance requirements, particularly at low frequencies. This demands inertial sensors that are both highly sensitive and mass producable, as large facilities require hundreds of units with consistent performance.
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Similar challenges arise in the semiconductor... -
Thomas Christian Hahn (Fraunhofer Research Institution for Energy Infrastructures and Geotechnologies IEG)
In this study, a comparative analysis of probe-based gas permeability measurements was conducted on a drill core from the Lusatian granodiorite. The investigation forms part of a broader core characterization project related to the planned Einstein Telescope candidacy in the Lusatian Granodiorite (Hasinger et al., 2022). As the facility requires minimal seismic disturbance, understanding the...
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Jurriaan Langendorff
Current state-of-the-art gravitational wave observatories around the world, LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA, have enabled the detection of more than 90 gravitational waves, with an additional 300 candidates from observing run O4[ [1]][1]. This is achieved through strain sensitivities in the order from $10^{-23}$ $1/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ to $10^{-24}$ $1/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$[ [2][2],[3]][3], in the range...
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Valeria Milotti (University of Padova, INFN PD)
Coating thermal noise (CTN) is one of the main limitations to enhancing the sensitivity of interferometric gravitational wave detectors, especially in room temperature detectors in the critical frequency 100 Hz region. These coatings, fabricated by ion beam sputtering as Bragg reflectors alternating high- and low-refractive-index layers, undergo a post-deposition annealing to reduce internal...
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Tobias Eckhardt
Current gravitational wave detectors are limited by noises, at frequencies below 10 Hz, related to currently used local displacement sensors. In this poster we present our research on compact displacement sensors based on deep-frequency modulation interferometry (DFMI), for the local displacement measurement of test-masses of future ground based detectors like ET.
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52. Design and manufacturing of superconducting coils for cryogenic (inertial) sensing and actuationVeerle Ellenbroek (Nikhef, VU)
Cooling down ET to cryogenic temperatures may introduce tiny, unwanted vibrations near the suspended mirrors that even the most sensitive existing sensors cannot detect. By exploiting the Meissner effect, superconducting thin-film dual-coil designs will enable sub-femtometer precision sensing and high-precision actuation with negligible heat dissipation. We present a deposition-based design...
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Maike Kühler
Due to its low mechanical quality factor and low thermal conductivity at cryogenic temperatures, the so far used material for mirror suspensions, silica, is not suitable to reach the aimed sensitivity goals. Silicon, therefore, is a strong candidate for use in suspension elements due to its favourable properties at low temperatures, including a high mechanical quality factor, excellent thermal...
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Romaine Kunst (Demcon kryoz)
In our contribution, we will present the latest developments of the sorption-based three-stage Joule-Thomson cryocooler for the Dutch Einstein Telescope pathfinder. In order to meet the unprecedented sensitivity demand of Einstein Telescope, there is a need for achieving cryogenic cooling of the mirror systems to temperatures near 10 K. This is addressed in a consortium comprising of the...
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Dr Divyajyoti . (LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
Star-formation rate (SFR) is currently measured with electromagnetic probes. However, these probes often track luminosity which is then converted to SFR depending on various factors such as initial mass function, dust extinction, etc. Moreover, data points about redshift of $z=4$ are difficult to obtain through electromagnetic probes. Gravitational Waves (GWs) provide an independent probe to...
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Prof. Rainer Spurzem (Univ. of Heidelberg, ARI/ZAH)
Nuclear and globular star clusters (NSC and GC) are spectacular self-gravitating stellar systems in our Galaxy and across the Universe - in many respects. They populate disks and spheroids of galaxies as well as almost every galactic center. In massive elliptical galaxies NSCs harbor supermassive black holes, which might influence the evolution of their host galaxies as a whole. The evolution...
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Shi Yao
Accurate prediction of seismic noise and Newtonian noise is essential for characterizing candidate sites for the Einstein Telescope (ET), a third-generation underground gravitational-wave observatory. Near-surface settings with a low-velocity sedimentary layer overlying hard rock can strongly modify the seismic wavefield and, consequently, the associated Newtonian noise. In this study, we...
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Jesse Van Dongen (Zuyd University of Applied Science)
The realization of the Einstein Telescope requires broad societal engagement, spanning disciplines from fundamental research to technical implementation and operations. Within the Euregio Meuse-Rhine (EMR) region, universities are strongly involved in academic research for the Einstein Telescope, while initiatives—such as the Einstein Telescope Education Centre—focus on inspiring and preparing...
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Lia Lavezzi (INFN Torino)talk
Large-scale scientific experiments, such as the Einstein Telescope, produce extensive datasets that are often stored in isolated data lakes. The second-generation interferometers are part of an international scientific network, the International Gravitational-Wave Observatory Network (IGWN). A similar framework is envisaged for the third-generation interferometers: ET in Europe and Cosmic...
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Oliver Gerberding (University of Hamburg), Sebastian Steinlechner
While in the Observational Sciences, a thorough review of simulation and pipeline codes is the norm since many years, a similar review process is missing in the Instrument Sciences. With the immense costs of ET and logistical challenges of operating underground in mind, we can no longer afford to base crucial design decision on poorly reviewed simulations. Instead, we need to switch to a mode...
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Yuliya Hoika
This presentation will provide a general overview of the main communication and outreach activities carried out since the 4th ET Annual Meeting, both at the central level and across the candidate sites. It will highlight selected developments related to the ET website, communication materials, and outreach efforts. Finally, the talk will reflect on the broader results and lessons learned from...
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Fiodor Sorrentino
Building a configuration for the ET detector is a challenging task, due to the simultaneous occurrence of long range functional integration among many global functions, and local integration around many nodes of the optical layout. In addition, a high degree of integration occurs among the various co-located detectors and the hosting infrastructure.
The work on advanced ET configuration...
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Anna Green (Nikhef), Antonio Perreca, Mikhail Korobko, Max Majoor, Jonathan Bratanata, Lucas Hermida Pena
The Einstein Telescope has begun to transition from ‘concept’ to ‘project’ – meaning the tricky work of integrating the many essential technologies, currently still in R&D, into one coherent detector design. Over the last two years, intensive efforts have resulted in new optical layouts, informed by basic optical requirements towards the sensitivity and controllability of each interferometer,...
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Christophe Collette
In order to extend the detection bandwidth at low frequency, the Einstein Telescope will require to use large cryogenic mirrors, mounted on a ultralow frequency seismic isolation stage. ET-CRISTAL is developing a full scale prototype of large silicon mirror isolated from low frequeny seismic motion. The isolation strategy proposed uses a hybrid approach, combining an active isolation platform,...
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Hemendra Singh
The E-TEST prototype is designed to address key technology challenges for the Einstein Telescope, centred on a 70 kg mono-crystalline silicon test mass cooled to 20–25 K via radiative cooling. The setup provides direct access to the thermal noise and mechanical dissipation regimes relevant to ET's cryogenic operation.
The mechanical quality factor is measured using a non-contact...
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Mr Gilles Magain (University of Liège)
The ET-FIBER project is a collaborative R&D initiative, focused on developing silicon fibers for suspending a 70 kg monocrystalline silicon test mass in the ET-CRISTAL prototype. ET-CRISTAL serves as a critical cryogenic prototype for the Einstein Telescope, which operates a large monocrystalline silicon mirror cooled radiatively to 20–25 K, while achieving low seismic noise below 10 Hz...
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Aaron Goodwin-Jones (UCLouvain)
The proposed Einstein Telescope high-frequency interferometers (ET-HF) in their nominal configuration are limited by coating Brownian thermal noise (CBTN) and quantum shot noise. Achieving the target sensitivity requires up to 3 MW of laser power with advanced optical coatings. At these power levels, thermo-elastic and thermo-optic effects induce wavefront distortions, causing transverse mode...
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Ricardo Cabrita (UC Louvain)
Next-generation detectors plan to have circulating powers in the MW range. In particular, the high-frequency Einstein telescope (ET-HF) is expected to operate at 3 MW circulating power to enhance sensitivity at high frequencies. Meanwhile, current detectors are operating at optical powers far below the design values. Major challenges with high power operation come from thermal deformations and...
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Dr Jue Zhang (UCLouvain)
The ET-HF (high-frequency interferometer) is expected to operate at very high circulating optical powers of around 3 MW to enhance sensitivity at high frequencies; however, such extreme power levels inevitably introduce parametric instability (PI) as a critical challenge for stable operation. Parametric instability arises from the three-mode interaction between the fundamental optical mode,...
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Hsiang-Chieh Hsu (RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B)
The Einstein Telescope (ET) requires 120 km of beam pipes with a diameter of 1 meter. Additionally, to achieve the ET's design sensitivity, a residual pressure of below $10^{-10}$ mbar must be attained. Meeting both requirements will cause the vacuum system cost to represent one-third of the total anticipated budget, given current production and vacuum technologies. Continuous on-site...
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Elena Codazzo
In this work, we use the coherent WaveBurst 2G (cWB-2G) search pipeline in the context of the Einstein Telescope (ET). cWB-2G is a well-established, unmodeled algorithm and one of the main pipelines for the detection and reconstruction of transient gravitational-wave signals in current-generation detectors.
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The main goal of this study is the search for and characterization of burst-like... -
Brieux Thibaut (Uliege)
Seismic motion remains a major limitation for low-frequency gravitational-wave detection. Reaching the target ET-LF sensitivity requires substantial improvements to current isolation systems. One approach to enhance low-frequency seismic isolation relies on a combination of passive and active strategies. However, active isolation faces important limitations due to the sensing techniques used...
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Mohamed Elbashbishy
We propose developing a fast-closing, ultra-high vacuum (UHV) shutter system to protect the Einstein Telescope. Even minor vacuum failures or sudden large leaks in next-generation gravitational-wave observatories can generate pressure fronts that propagate at velocities of up to ~1000 meters per second. These pressure fronts pose a serious risk to sensitive optical components, such as mirrors,...
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Robin Cornelissen
Femto is a MATLAB 6-DoF modeling framework for 0D/1D mechanical systems, focused on seismic isolation design, analysis and optimisation specifically designed for gravitational-wave detector like suspensions. This poster will highlight examples of applied use-cases, benchmarks and features.
Some applied use cases
- Omnisense - Nikhef/VU
- Conceptual Suspension Design for Einstein...
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Benjamin Schwab (ECAP, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg)
For ET-LF we develop a phase camera based on multi-mode optical fiber as image sensor to simultaneously map the phase and amplitude wavefronts of each sideband. Mode-mismatch and beam distortions can then be individually characterized by a CNN driven mode decomposition in real-time. The implementation of the cost-efficient TARGET ASIC digitizer developed the SST Camera of CTAO allows to equip...
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Anna Green (Nikhef)
After several years of redevelopment and upgrades, we are pleased to share that version 3.0 of the Finesse interferometer simulation software is now officially launching.
In this talk, we provide an overview of the software, the philosophy behind it, and how the code has evolved. We also showcase examples of key functionalities, and look ahead to our next developments and usage of Finesse,...
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Jeremie Gobeil, Miron Van der Kolk
Developing an optical design for ET that achieves the scientific goals within the established constraints is a core goal of the current ET collaboration. A crucial part of this is running optical simulations to test designs, explore novel ones, and to define constraints on material and detectors. To fully utilise a simulation tool, properly interpret its results and work within its...
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Michele Valentini
The Omnisens experiment aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a high-gain inertial isolation platform that acts on six degrees of freedom between 0.01 and 30 Hz, while following a softly suspended, high-moment-of-inertia reference mass.
Such a platform (combined with an inverted pendulum and multi-stage pendulum chain) strongly suppresses tilt-to-length couplings spoiling the 2-10 Hz band...
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Elguja Abuladze (ICA (PGI-4), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH)
Seismic and environmental noise, particularly Newtonian noise, constitute a fundamental
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limitation for the Einstein Telescope, motivating the development of
advanced, data-driven approaches for noise mitigation to improve the sensitivity
and operational stability of its interferometric systems. Real-time compensation
of Newtonian noise can improve sensitivity of the sensor and allow... -
Tim Kuhlbusch (RWTH Aachen University)
Predicting specific noise realizations from witness sensors will be an essential technique to improve the sensitivity of the Einstein Telescope. Different techniques, like classical or deep learning filters, can be employed to reduce the Newtonian noise level. We are presenting a Python framework that automates the evaluation of multiple noise cancellation techniques on a set of simulated or...
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Kai Wu (Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg)
The Einstein Telescope (ET) will enable precision studies of large populations of compact-binary sources, making robust astrophysical modelling of dynamical formation channels increasingly important. In this contribution, we present first results from DRAGON-III, a new suite of realistic million-body direct N-body simulations of globular and nuclear star clusters evolved over cosmic time....
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Philippe Orban (Université de Liege)
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Dr Bjorn Vink (Nikhef)
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Paul Ophardt (Helmut-Schimidt-Universität)
Seismic Newtonian noise (NN) is expected to limit the low-frequency sensitivity of the Einstein Telescope (ET), requiring advanced mitigation strategies. Current approaches rely on seismometer arrays and stochastic models, but are constrained by limited spatial sampling and difficulties in separating compressional (P) and shear (S) wave contributions.
We investigate the potential of fusion...
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Dr Hannes Claes (KU Leuven)
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Dr Peter Achtziger-Zupančič (Fraunhofer Research Institution for Energy Infrastructures and Geotechnologies IEG)
The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a next-generation underground gravitational wave observatory planned to operate at depths of up to 200–300 m, where seismic, thermal and Newtonian noise are significantly reduced compared to surface detectors. ET requires a geologically stable, well-characterised host rock over an exceptionally large volume 100-225 km². The Lusatia (Lausitz) region in eastern...
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Laszlo Gergely
Cylindrical symmetry has multiple astrophysical applications: strings, galactic dark matter filaments, AGN / quasar jets. The general relativistic cylindrically symmetric vacuum allows for a static ground state, the Levi–Civita spacetime and multiple types of Einstein–Rosen exact waves. We analyze the static background, which allows for a strong and naked singularity as the symmetry axis and...
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Mohamed Samy Elzokm
Accurate modeling of Newtonian noise (NN) is a critical requirement for the low-frequency sensitivity of next-generation gravitational-wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope (ET). In this work, we investigate the consistency and convergence of different approaches used to compute gravitoelastic correlations induced by seismic fields.
In practical applications, arrays of seismic...
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Soumen Koley (University of Liege)
Seismic disturbances, and the resulting Newtonian noise, can arise from a variety of sources with either stationary or non-stationary characteristics. In this work, we focus on two representative transient source types: wind turbines and freight trains. As part of the integrated seismic noise monitoring and mitigation campaign at the EMR candidate site for the Einstein Telescope, surface and...
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Maria Antonietta Palaia (Università di Pisa and INFN-Pisa)
Second-generation gravitational wave detectors have progressively improved their sensitivity, approaching the limits of their infrastructure. Next-generation observatories, such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, aim to further enhance sensitivity, enabling detection of high-redshift compact object mergers and early multimessenger alerts by lowering the minimum detectable...
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Yashwant Bothra
Optimal operation of a gravitational wave (GW) detector requires clean and stable control signals. However, these signals can be compromised by various noises and optical imperfections, such as mirror surface defects or thermal aberrations which can cause the coupling of the fundamental Gaussian mode into higher-order modes. To mitigate such coupling in current detectors, sensors and thermal...
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Dr Dirk Becker (University of Hamburg)
Ambient seismic noise beamforming tries to identify the direction (traditional one component beamforming) or the direction and wavetype (three component beamforming) of the incoming ambient noise field. This identification is only possible when coherent signals are recorded over an extended receiver array. The presence of very local, often station specific, noise sources can severely...
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Mariusz Suchenek, Mr Wathela Alhassan, Tomasz Bulik
We investigate the seasonal variability of atmospheric infrasound and its impact on Newtonian noise (NN) at the Sos Enattos site, a candidate location for the Einstein Telescope. Measurements from surface and underground stations are used to characterize both temporal changes and the depth dependence of the acoustic field. Clear seasonal variations are observed, primarily driven by changing...
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Ms Charlotte Benning (RWTH Aachen University)
ET requires about 120 km of underground vacuum tubes with a diameter of 1 m to achieve the design sensitivity. The baseline design foresees the production of the beam pipe in sections of 20 m, resulting in high transportation, welding, and cleaning efforts. The BeamPipes4ET project proposes an innovative production approach in which the vacuum pipes are manufactured directly on-site inside the...
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Niklas Nippe
The Einstein Telescope aims to detect gravitational waves with unprecedented low-frequency sensitivity. In this regime, Newtonian Noise (NN) from seismic density fluctuations in the surrounding rock becomes a dominant limitation. While NN mitigation classically relies on arrays of seismometers measuring translational seismic motion, rotational motion carries complementary information that...
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Philipp Fesseler (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT))
Between December 2024 and January 2025 around 550 seismic stations were deployed in and around two wind turbines (WTs) at the WINSENT test field on the Swabian Alp. In this work, the focus is on the stations deployed in the foundation of the southern turbine and on the stations in distances of less than 100 meters from it. A plane is fitted to the vertical displacement measurements of 6...
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Josie Altenhövel (RWTH Aachen University)
The Einstein Telescope is based on a configuration of multiple interferometers with fixed geometric relations. In a triangular configuration, this enables the construction of a null stream in which gravitational-wave contributions cancel, while local disturbances remain with finite amplitude. Events appearing in the null stream can therefore be identified as noise and are excluded from...
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Dr David Lagrou (KU Leuven)
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Sascha Rieger
The LIGO Magazine is published twice a year by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration. Articles focus on the people behind the science, featuring personal stories, interviews, and advice, as well as news from across the gravitational-wave community. Ever wondered what it is like working at the LIGO observatory sites, or being on-call to look at gravitational-wave event triggers as they come in (day...
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Sascha Rieger (AEI/MM), Susanne Milde (AEI/MM)
With LISA on track for launch after mission adoption by ESA in 2024 and selection of the industry prime in 2025, both the mission environment and the focus of the consortium has changed. We will give an overview of the goals, structures and activites of LISA Consortium Communications, including some of the unique challenges of this new era.
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Emma Jane Johnson
Sos Enattos in Sardinia (Italy) is a leading candidate site for the Einstein Telescope (ET), a next-generation underground gravitational wave observatory. We report recent results from an environmental magnetic noise study, with the aim of quantifying natural noise sources in the low-frequency band relevant to the ET-LF interferometer. Using a network of magnetometers deployed at Sos Enattos...
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Dr Lorenzo Lunghini (European Gravitational Observatory (EGO))
Environmental noise can affect the performance of ground-based gravitational-wave interferometric detectors, such as Virgo, through magnetic and vibro-acoustic coupling mechanisms, impacting both the detector sensitivity and the surrounding experimental areas hosting sensitive equipment.
In this work, we present measurements of magnetic coupling functions at low frequency (below 25 Hz) at...
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Susanne Milde (AEI/MM)
In the current geopolitical environment, working towards an extensive and far-reaching media footprint is more important than ever for large science projects. We will give an overview of the joint media strategies employed by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration of ground-based gravitational wave detectors.
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Domenico Di Mauro (INGV)SCB
"In the framework of the costitution of the Sardinia FABER Far Field Observatory funded by PNRR project MEET, a new magnetic and magnetotelluric monitoring station has recently been installed in the Mamone area. This is also a key element for the site characterization program for the Einstein Telescope (ET), to investigate the electromagnetic properties and natural magnetic noise conditions of...
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Irene Fiori (European Gravitational Observatory)
We report on a revised assessment of magnetic noise requirements for the Einstein Telescope, identifying the 1–10 Hz band as particularly critical for the detector performance. We present the status of the ANM - Magnetic Noise working group, focusing on key noise sources, their coupling mechanisms, and priority mitigation strategies currently under development.
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Mr Sasa Topic (Serbia Photonics)
In this talk I will present the procedure for development of next generation modal filters that are required by design for 3G detectors. I will discuss the role in aberration control and unavoidable necessity of freeform mirror surfaces as well as their tolerancing. New findings in machine learning, iterative and direct solutions toward finding optimal (and unique) phase surfaces will be...
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Konrad Frischkorn
The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a complex system consisting of numerous interacting subsystems that need to fulfill challenging requirements. As of now, information on the design of ET such as technical requirements or its product breakdown structure are managed through documents whose content is strongly interrelated. Since no digitally traceable link exists between these documents, their...
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simone Lombardi (INAF Padova)
Within the Italian PNRR project ETIC, the ADONI-ET Optical Laboratory, managed by INAF, developed an interferometric testbed to investigate adaptive optics (AO) applications to Thermal Compensation Systems (TCS), with the aim of developing closed-loop control strategies for gravitational-wave detectors.
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In this work, we used a deformable mirror (DM) to thermally induce wavefront aberrations... -
Eugenio Benedetti (INFN Roma1)
Within the framework of the ARC-ETCRYO project, a scaled prototype of the ET cryogenic payload has been developed. This testbed serves as a fundamental R&D platform to validate the technologies for the cryogenic detector, specifically addressing the challenges of efficient heat extraction and thermal noise mitigation.
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This contribution details the design of the payload and its dedicated... -
Sander Sijtsma (Nikhef)
Significant efforts have been made to make a conceptional design for the test mass suspensions for the low frequency interferometer of the Einstein Telescope. A complete model of the suspension, including an actively controlled 6DoF seismic isolation platform, inverted pendulum system and a cascade of pendulum stages is modeled in Femto. The presentation will focus on the following...
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Alina Mariana Soflau (Nikhef and VU Amsterdam)
Surface roughness on optical components produces scattered light that can limit the performance of gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET).
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We present studies on how accurately standard paraxial numerical tools reproduce this scattering in ET-relevant regimes. We compare FFT-based propagation and Hermite-Gaussian modal simulations, with paraxial and non-paraxial... -
Andrea Cozzumbo
Recent DESI results, combined with other cosmological probes, have revived interest in dynamical dark energy, hinting at phantom crossing and a phantom regime at $z \gtrsim 1$. These observations have motivated a new class of modified gravity (MG) models consistent with current data but exhibiting rich phenomenology beyond $\Lambda$CDM. Several of these theories introduce a non-minimal...
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Jan Pihl, Oscar Heuwes
The detection of gravitational waves from binary black hole (BBH) systems by next-generation interferometers like the Einstein Telescope presents a complex parameter estimation challenge. This work explores a deep learning approach using Normalizing Flows, conditioned on feature vectors extracted by diverse machine learning models, to robustly estimate the chirp mass and luminosity distance,...
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Lucia Trozzo
The era of third-generation gravitational wave detectors is approaching, and the Einstein Telescope (ET), a large size interferometer, is becoming a concrete reality. The underground installation of the instrument offers significant advantages from seismic and local disturbances points of view: seismic noise level, indeed, is reduced by a factor of 100 compared to surface locations. In...
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Georgia Kuci (KU Leuven)
Abstract:
The Einstein Telescope gravitational wave observatory aims to achieve a sensitivity down to 3 Hz, where Newtonian noise becomes a dominant disturbance. Seismic waves propagating in the surrounding soil generate density fluctuations that induce gravitational forces on the suspended mirrors. Since these forces cannot be shielded, they must be estimated from the seismic wave field...
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Luca D'Onofrio
Newtonian Noise (NN) arise from seismic density fluctuations coupling gravitationally to the test masses of the Einstein Telescope (ET) and may be important at frequencies below 10 Hz. Classical linear subtraction methods like the Wiener filter provide optimal solution under the linearity assumption but they face fundamental limitations when the seismic field contains contributions to the...
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Jan Kelleter (RWTH Aachen University)
An important noise source for ground based gravitational wave detectors in the low frequency regime is Newtonian noise caused by density fluctuations in the medium surrounding the mirrors. To reach design sensitivities on advanced detectors, like the Einstein Telescope, active mitigation is necessary. Seismic sensors will be placed around the mirror cavities to predict the Newtonian noise...
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Luise Kranzhoff
The ETpathfinder prototype in Maastricht is dedicated not only to developing and validating key technologies for the Einstein Telescope (ET), but also to testing guidelines and procedures aimed to speeding up and reducing risks in construction of ET.
The ET will require more than 250 seismic isolation systems. Traditionally, in gravitational-wave observatories, a significant fraction of...
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Tomasz Bulik
I will present the calculation of the infrasonic induced Newtonian noise for the Einstein telescope. I will discuss the way to measure and estimate it and I will discuss possible ways to reduce it.
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Nils Chudalla (RWTH)
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Ismail El Ouedghiri-Idrissi
The next generation of gravitational wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope and LIGO Voyager, requires unprecedented sensitivity. A key limitation to this sensitivity is thermal noise from mirror coatings, particularly within their most sensitive frequency range. To address this, next-generation detectors are shifting toward cryogenic low-frequency interferometers, with silicon serving...
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Nicole Busdon
One of the two nested interferometers of the Einstein Telescope (ET-LF) is designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures. At such low temperatures, thermo-elastic interactions between the coating and the substrate become crucial, making the characterization of optical and
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mechanical losses in mirror coatings extremely important. However, these same interactions complicate the interpretation... -
Tobias Reike
Estimating the source parameters of gravitational wave signals is commonly performed with Bayesian inference or, more recently, simulation-based inference using deep learning techniques. In the context of next generation detectors these methods must address the significant challenge posed by long-duration signals, which may span several minutes to hours. Such extended signals result in...
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Levon Mnoyan (Zuyd University of Applied Sciences)
Particle Deposition Measurements in the Cleanroom of the ETPathfinder
Research into the influence of the Beamsplitter assembly process on particle deposition
Author:
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Levon Mnoyan
Affiliations:
1. Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen
2. SAC-Nederland, Kerkrade
3. ETPathfinder, Maastricht (Maastricht University)
Topic: Particle deposition measurements during construction of... -
Dr Soumen Koley (University of Liege)
Newtonian noise arising from seismic density perturbations is expected
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to limit the low-frequency sensitivity of third-generation gravitational-wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope. Analytical predictions of Newtonian noise typically rely on homogeneous half-space or full-space approximations and simplified assumptions about seismic wavefields, which are insufficient for realistic... -
Conor Mow-Lowry (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)
We have developed a broad and cohesive programme for tackling low-TRL technology items and the extreme systems-engineering challenges for ET Suspensions. Key elements of the programme are: the OmniSens experiment for active isolation in 6 DoF, development of novel sensors for suspension sensing and control, Femto + Optimal Controls models of complete suspension systems, cryogenic modelling,...
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Tomasz Bulikposter
Einstein Telescope (ET) is a third-generation gravitational wave (GW) detector with tenfold better sensitivity compared to the advanced LIGO detectors. It will be capable of observing copious stellar mass binary black hole mergers up to a redshift of 10 which will make it especially useful for cosmography. We generate a mock gravitational wave event catalog for the Einstein Telescope and show...
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Tom Niggemann
The planned Einstein Telescope (ET) requires an exceptionally quiet seismic environment in the 2–10 Hz band, which coincides with the higher-order tower bending eigenmodes of modern wind turbines. Regardless of the choice of site for ET, renewable energy is being expanded worldwide. Therefore understanding and mitigating seismic vibrations from wind turbines is becoming increasingly important....
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Nils Leander Weickhardt (Universität Hamburg)
Resonantly enhanced Deep Frequency Modulation Interferometry (ReDFMI) is a novel displacement sensing technique, which combines Deep Frequency Modulation Interferometry (DFMI) and resonant enhancement. ReDFMI is capable of multi-fringe displacement sensing with absolute ranging and (sub-) femto-meter precision, which can be incorporated in a compact optical setup. On this poster we present the...
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Dr Livia Conti (INFN)
Dust deposited on optics and other detector components can become a major source of Scattered Light (SL) if not properly controlled. On the other hand, overestimating cleanliness requirements can result in unnecessary costs for the infrastructure. In the context of the Virgo upgrades, it is important to define cleanliness requirements that can assure satisfying the SL noise limits with minimal...
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Stefan Krischer (RWTH Aachen University)
Minimizing environmental impact is essential for the Einstein Telescope, both as a societal responsibility and to meet the expectations of funding agencies. Computing will account for a significant share of operational energy use and is therefore a priority. We are developing a concept for a climate-neutral ET computing center that uses intelligent workload scheduling to align load with...
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Alexander Jaron
Several geophysical survey campaigns were conducted to investigate the subsurface in order to map and characterize potential stratigraphic boundaries and fault zones. These primarily included seismic surveys, but also surveys using electrical resistivity tomography. The primary focus here is on the near-surface area. In this presentation, we would like to introduce these methods and...
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Jef Deckers (mr.)
Early 2025, a series of new 2D reflection seismic lines were acquired in the Euregion Meuse-Rhine for the site investigation for Einstein Telescope. Along and nearby these lines, data of several boreholes recently drilled for the project became available. The sonic logs in these boreholes allow for tying the lithostratigraphic interpretations of the boreholes with the seismic lines. In...
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Dr Jeff Deckers (Vito)
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Emma Prins (Nikhef)
ETpathfinder is a research and development facility for the future Einstein Telescope, located in Maastricht, the Netherlands. One of its primary objectives is the testing of a newly developed cryogenic system, designed to cool silicon test masses to 15K without introducing additional seismic or thermal noise. This system is based on a modular cryochain design, consisting of multiple sorption...
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Luqian Jiang
Newtonian noise from ambient seismic fields limits the low-frequency sensitivity of the Einstein Telescope. Coherent noise cancellation based on Wiener filters constructed from seismic correlations is a widely used mitigation strategy, but its performance depends on accurate knowledge of the cross-spectral densities between seismometers and the gravitational perturbation at the test mass...
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Davide Rozza (University of Milano-Bicocca & INFN-MIB)
The characterization of the sites candidate to host ET pass through the evaluation of the local noise source (both natural and anthropogenic). The time analysis of the RMS quantity, computed over a specific frequency range, can be used to evaluate the short-term non-stationarities and the noise level at the site as a function of time. Moreover, consecutive periods of low noise level, once...
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Dr Stijn Francois (KU Leuven)
Accurate estimation of Newtonian Noise (NN) in gravitational wave observatories requires detailed knowledge of the seismic wavefield in the vicinity of the detector mirrors. This seismic wavefield is commonly obtained from numerical simulations at regional geological scale. These models are computationally demanding and typically rely on assumptions about the nature and location of seismic...
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Waleed Esmail (University of Münster)
Seismic forecasting is increasingly being approached as a sequence modeling problem, where modern architectures can directly learn the temporal dynamics of ground motion from raw waveform data. In this work, I introduce a transformer-based framework that treats seismic signals as autoregressive token sequences, enabling short-horizon forecasting. Continuous waveforms are converted into...
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Dr Raphael Burchartz (RWTH)
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Michal Ostrowski (Jagiellonian University)
Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves are considered a potential source of noise for GW interferometers. Due to deep ground penetration of such waves the Einstein Telescope will be also potentially a subject to such source of noise. A possible influence of ELF waves in the Schumann resonance range (7-50 Hz) was widely studied for the LVK detectors. Currently we turned our...
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Dr Antoine Gauffriau (Tractebel)
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Pritam Sarkar (Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Hannover)
Suspension Platform Interferometers (SPIs) have proven highly effective at suppressing relative motion between seismic‑isolation platforms, thereby reducing the differential motion of the suspended optics. Because of this success, the interferometric read‑out of inter-platform motion with SPIs is now being considered for implementation in the current generation of gravitational‑wave detectors...
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Dr Stan Bentvelsen (Nikhef)
The approach to noise measurement, modeling and cancellation in EMR is described and high level activities and workflows are discussed
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Carlo Scarcia
The cost of the ET beam tube vacuum system, based on previous-generation GW detector cost extrapolations, remains a major challenge.
Since 2022, under mandate from INFN and Nikhef, CERN, in collaboration with other institutes, has conducted a study to investigate alternative, more cost-effective technological solutions.
To validate these approaches, a 36 m long pilot sector has been...
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Tatsuki Washimi (NAOJ)
Microseisms are continuous ground vibrations excited by ocean-wave activity, typically around 0.1 Hz with amplitudes of the order of micrometers. Although they lie below the observation band of ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, they can still have important impacts on detector operation and site characterization. In LIGO and Virgo, microseisms can couple to the detector through...
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Guglielmo Ranaudo (RWTH Aachen University)
The ETpathfinder is a cryogenic test facility in Maastricht, aimed at developing core technologies for the Einstein Telescope. The facility utilises a high-sensitivity ($<1\cdot 10^{-18}$ m/Hz at 10 Hz), 10-meter interferometer to evaluate crucial subsystems. A crucial aspect is the performance of crystalline silicon test masses and their suspensions under extreme cryogenic operating...
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Mr Gauthier Houlmont (ULiège)
In the context of the third-generation gravitational wave detector design, several noises must be understood and minimized. One of them is thermal noise, described theoretically by the Fluctuation and Dissipation Theorem (FDT).
This study aims to describe the impact of introducing a radiative heat exchanger in terms of thermal noise. While thermal noise has been assessed for classical...
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Nico Wagner
Crystalline AlGaAs/GaAs coatings are a promising low-noise material candidate for high-precision optical metrology due to their low mechanical loss. However, recent studies have revealed excess Brownian thermal noise in optical cavities, which appears to be linked to photoinduced effects. Additionally, there are indications that illumination influences the mechanical loss in GaAs, leading to...
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Romano Meijer (Nikhef)
To satisfy its science case, the Einstein Telescope (ET) is required to supersede the sensitivity of current-generation detectors by several orders of magnitude, depending on the frequency range. On top of this and by nature of design, interferometry-based gravitational wave detectors provide an extraordinary challenge of system functional and physics-driven interconnectedness. Complex and...
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Geert-Jan Vis (TNO)
The path is described towards a holistic and complete geological subsurface model for EMR.
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Mr Juan Andrés Montenegro Folleco (RWTH Aachen University & Università di Padova)
The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a planned third-generation underground gravitational-wave observatory with unprecedented sensitivity. This sensitivity makes ET particularly vulnerable to environmental disturbances, especially seismic noise and the associated Newtonian noise. Characterizing anthropogenic seismic noise is therefore essential for site selection and detector design. Here, we...
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Mr Vincent Wodtke (University of Hamburg)
Seismic noise, the vibration of the terrestrial environment, is an omnipresent problem for high precision experiments. Research facilities in urban areas must consider the local seismic noise floor,but even experiments in remote locations, especially highly sensitive gravitational wave detectors, require good compensation for seismic noise. As part of the project SeiSmart, we are working on...
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Gobind Kumar
The low frequency Einstein Telescope (ET) is designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures and at a wavelength of 1550 nm. These new operating conditions, compared to current detectors, require the use of new materials, with silicon currently being the leading candidate for the main mirror substrates. However, possible birefringence in mirror substrates introduces additional contrast defect...
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Jonathan Kuckert (III. Physikalisches Institut A; RWTH Aachen University)
Newtonian Noise (NN) is the predicted dominant noise source for gravita-
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tional wave measurements with the Einstein Telescope at low frequencies. As a
gravitational phenomenon, NN cannot be shielded. The most promising miti-
gation strategy is based on seismometer arrays. Wiener filters were proposed as
a standard solution to predict NN from seismometer data in the past. Based... -
Dr Hadrien Michael (Univ of Liège)poster only
Towards Realistic Newtonian Noise Estimation for the Einstein Telescope in the EMR
Newtonian Noise (NN) is expected to be one of the main factors limiting the sensitivity of ET-LF. However, producing accurate estimates of it remains difficult. Reliable NN predictions require subsurface and seismic wavefield models that are as realistic as possible.
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This work describes the current state of... -
Satoru Takano (Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)
Angular sensing and control (ASC) is essential for the Einstein Telescope (ET), and its design is one of the big challenges for the low-frequency interferometer of ET (ET-LF), because ASC would inject unwanted control noise originating from the noise of sensors used for ASC. The requirements for the ASC should be set so that the control noise doesn't exceed the ET-LF design sensitivity, and we...
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Kyrill Emanuel Blümer (Institut für Kernphysik Münster, AG Kappes)
Seismic noise at frequencies below 10 Hz is a fundamental sensitivity limit for ground-based gravitational wave detectors. The Einstein Telescope's underground location reduces
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but does not eliminate low-frequency ground motion, making active seismic isolation of the suspended test masses essential. We present a two-stage learned pipeline for seismic noise cancellation:
a predictive model... -
Oliver Gerberding (University of Hamburg)
In recent experiments we have demonstrated that tunable coherence interferometry is a viable technique to provide significant scattered light suppression at low frequencies in table-top implementations of Michelson, Sagnac and power-recycled Michelson interferometers. While our findings open up various opportunities, they are not sufficient to decide if this technique is actually applicable to...
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Tobias Schoon (Maastricht University & Nikhef)
The low-frequency interferometer of the proposed Einstein Telescope (ET-LF) will employ cryogenically cooled silicon test masses to reduce thermal noise. Silicon, however, strongly absorbs the currently well-established laser wavelength of 1064 nm, motivating the investigation of alternative wavelengths such as 1550 nm.
This change introduces challenges for interferometer control and lock...
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Morgane Zeoli (Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve)
Technology validation for the ET-LF must be conducted in an extremely low-vibration, cryogenic environment to simulate the operational conditions. This harsh environment calls for a highly sensitive, cryogenic-compatible inertial sensor for vibration monitoring and reduction in the test facilities. To that end, cryogenic, vacuum-compatible, horizontal and vertical inertial sensors with a...
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Giovanni Diaferia (INGV)SCB
Geophysical investigations and studies on the local seismic noise are of paramount importance for evaluating the candidate locations for hosting Einstein Telescope (ET), the third-generation gravitational wave detector. In the Italian candidate site, several active and passive geophysical acquisitions have been carried out over the last years. The main objective of the recent analysis is the...
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Marco Ricci
This contribution provides an update on the recent experimental activities and infrastructural developments at the Amaldi Research Center (ARC) in Rome, focused on the R&D for next-generation gravitational wave detectors.
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We report on the systematic cooling tests and thermal characterization performed on the first cryostat cooling line. Following initial runs, a series of targeted upgrades... -
Gianluca Inguglia (MBI - Austrian Academy of Sciences)
We present a study of deep convolutional autoencoders applied to anomaly detection of GW signals. This initial work focuses on short-duration signals (< 2s), corresponding to mergers that involve, or form, intermediate mass black holes. These burst-like signals are notably difficult to disentangle from both background noise and glitches that may occur during data taking. We utilize the...
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Markus Schulz-Ritz (Karlsruhe Institute for Technology)
The mirrors of the low frequency interferometer of the Einstein Telescope will be cooled to cryogenic temperatures in order to mitigate thermal noise. At these temperatures residual gas freezes onto the mirror, forming a layer of ice. This icy layer will affect the sensitivity but also the cooling power of ET. Hence R&D measurements at cryogenic temperatures are conducted. These measurements...
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Valentin Tempel (RWTH Aachen University)
Accurately predicting seismic Newtonian Noise (NN) for the Einstein Telescope remains a significant challenge. To determine whether a site-specific NN level is compatible with the target sensitivity of the Einstein Telescope (ET), it is essential to have a solid understanding of NN estimation and its planned mitigation. Validating numerical NN estimates requires careful consideration of three...
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Antonella Bianchi
The performance of gravitational-wave interferometers is critically limited by the surface quality of their mirrors, which directly affects optical losses and increases the higher-order mode content. As future detectors such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) aim for unprecedented sensitivity, defining realistic and reliable mirror specifications becomes a central challenge.
We address this...
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Prof. Celine Hadziioannou (University of Hamburg)
The WAVE seismic network is a dense, multi-instrument monitoring system deployed on a scientific campus in Hamburg, Germany. It combines seismometers, geophones, and a 26 km distributed acoustic sensing fiber loop installed in existing telecommunication infrastructure. The network covers large-scale research facilities including the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL) and particle...
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Mike Lindner (DESY - DZA)
The sensitivity of future ET observation runs is influenced by site-dependent local noise conditions. Within the Noise Measurements Division (WD1) of the Site Characterization Board (SCB), prominent noise types are measured and characterized to provide a robust understanding of the background noise at the site candidates. Measured noise includes, but is not restricted to, 1) seismic, 2)...
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